------------------------------------
Allah says:
“Those who come after them say, ‘Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who came before us in faith...’” (Q59:10)
Meaning those who have passed away, who benefit from the supplications of the living, as is clearly seen here.
Also: “And ask forgiveness for your faults, and for the believing men and women” (Q47:19), with no specification here of it only applying to the currently living believers and excluding the dead ones.
---
The
Prophet (صلى
الله عليه وسلم)
said, “Read Ya Siin over your deceased.”221
The
Prophet (صلى
الله عليه وسلم)
sacrificed two white rams, one for himself and family and the
other for his community. 222
The
evidence here
is that the Prophet (صلى
الله عليه وسلم)
offered sacrificial
animals and donated
the reward to his community, which includes both the living and
the dead,
whether for those existing at his time or for those coming after.
A
person asked the Prophet (صلى
الله عليه وسلم), “My
mother has passed away, will she benefit if I give charity on her
behalf?”
and
the Prophet (صلى
الله عليه وسلم)
answered: “Yes.”223
Someone
else asked him, “My
mother has passed away, and yet she did not make up a month’s worth
of fasting, so should I fast on her behalf?” and
he said, “Yes.”
224
Similarly,
the Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم )
said: “Whoever dies without making up an obligatory fast that he
had missed, let his/her patron (wali) fast on his/her behalf.”
225
And
as for Hajj, there are also many such hadiths.226
‘Ata’ ibn Abi Rabah said: I heard Ibn ‘Umar say: I heard the Prophet say: “When one of you dies do not tarry, but make haste and take him to his grave, and let someone read at his head the opening of Surat al-Baqara, and at his feet its closure when he lies in the grave.” 227
This is supported by the fact that Ibn Abi Shayba (Musannaf 3:123), Shawkani (Nayl al-Awtar 3:25) and others recorded that the Ansar saw it as desirable to recite al-Baqara and al-Ra’d to the dead.
‘Ala’ ibn al-Lajlaj said to his children: “When you bury me, say as you place me in the side-opening (lahd) of the grave: Bismillah wa ‘ala millati rasulillah – (In the name of Allah and according to the way of Allah’s Messenger) -- then flatten the earth over me, and read at the head of my grave the beginning of Surat al-Baqara and its end, for I have heard Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar recommend the same” 228, and in other narrations “the Messenger of Allah recommend it.”
It was also related (thru Abu Bakr and Abu Hurayra) that He (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said:“Whoever visits the grave of his parents or the grave of one of them every Friday (and recites Ya Siin), he will be forgiven and his name will be written among the pious.” 229
Also, we know that the deceased are affected by the actions of their living relatives in a negative sense, 230 so there is no reason they would not be affected by the positive actions of their living relatives, such as reciting Qur’an for them, paying off their debts, 231 etc.
Shaykh Muwaffaq Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi, the leading scholar of the Hanbali Madhhab during his time, wrote (Mughni 2:426-27) the following:
“There is no harm in reciting Qur’an at the graves (of the dead), and it was narrated that Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal said, ‘If you enter a graveyard, then recite Ayat ul-Kursi and surat al-Ikhlas 3 times, then say “O Allah, this is on behalf of the occupants of these graves”.’ And Imam Ahmad used to say that reciting Qur’an at the graves is a bid’a (innovation), but later recanted this view and agreed it was permissible, and did it himself. 232 … It was also narrated that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said,
‘Whoever enters a graveyard and recites surat Ya Siin then their punishment is lightened for them on that day, and he receives rewards equal to the number of people in the grave, and also, ‘whoever visits the grave of his parents and reads Ya Siin for them, then he is forgiven’.”
He also wrote: “Any voluntary act of devotion which the Muslim performs, and then gifts its reward to the deceased Muslim, then that deceased Muslim will benefit from it...”
And he said (Mughni 2:429):
“And it is the consensus of the Muslims, in every time and place, that they meet together to recite the Qur’an and donate its rewards to their deceased, without any objection, and because it is authentically narrated that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said, ‘the dead is bothered by the wailing of the living over him,’ and Allah is too generous to deliver punishment to them and not deliver reward.”
Similarly, Imam Nawawi commented on the famous hadith wherein the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) and some Companions passed by two graves, and he said, “they are being punished, but for something minor; as for one of them, he used to carry false tales, and as for the other, he did not used to purify himself from traces of urine,” then he called for a green date-palm stalk and split it in two, and placed one part over one grave and another over the other grave, and said, “Their punishments will be lightened as long as these remain green and do not wither up, in sha’allah.” 233
Then Imam Nawawi said (Sharh Sahih Muslim 3:202): “Due to this hadith, the ‘Ulama have declared it recommended (mustahabb) to recite Qur’an at the graves, because if the lessening of punishment could be hoped for from the glorification of a palm stalk, then the recitation of Qur’an is more worthy of this special distinction...and Allah knows best.”
Imam Suyuti in his book Sharh as-Sudur (p. 312-313) also stated that it is authentically established that among the Companions, Abu Barza al-Aslami (as narrated by Ibn ‘Asakir 62:100) and Burayda (as narrated by Bukhari in his Sahih – K Jana’iz) asked to be buried together with two fresh stalks!
Imam Nawawi also advised in his book Minhaj at-Talibin (chapter on funerals): “Whoever visits a grave, let him greet its dweller, recite some Qur’an, and make an invocation for the deceased.”
He also said (Adhkar, p. 218), “It is desirable (yustahabb) that one who is visiting the graves recite from the Qur’an what is easy for him to recite, after which, that he invoke Allah on their behalf. Shafi’i stipulated it and his companions all agreed with him.”
Imam Suyuti also records Imam al-Qurtubi, the Maliki scholar and mufassir, as saying that,
“As for reciting over the grave, then our companions (Malikis) are categorical that it is lawful, and others say the same.”
And Qurtubi wrote in his Tadhkira: “The legal basis for this is the permissibility of sadaqa on behalf of the dead, which no one disagrees about. And just as its rewards reach the dead, so do the rewards of Qur’an recitation and du’a, for all of that is sadaqa, and sadaqa does not only refer to money.”
Nafrawi al-Maliki states (Fawakih Dawani 1:284): “al-Qarafi said that that which is apparent is the obtainment of the blessing of the Qur’an-recital for the dead, just as blessing is obtained by being buried next to the righteous. Therefore, it is not appropriate to abandon the Qur’an-recital and invocations (tahlil) performed on their behalf, and in all of that one relies on Allah and His bountiful mercy.
The author of the Madkhal (Ibn al-Haj) stated that whoever desires to actualize the blessing and reward of Qur’an-recital for the dead in a way which avoids any difference of opinion between the scholars (satisfying all of their conditions), then he should make it a supplication and say, ‘O Allah! Cause the reward of what we recite to reach so-and-so’, and in this way the dead gets the reward of the recital, and he gets the reward of du’a”.
Ibn ‘Abidin al-Hanafi (Hashiya 2:243) said:
“In visiting graves one may recite Fatiha, Baqara, Ya Siin, Mulk, Takathur, and Ikhlas 12, 11, 7, or 3 times, and then say, ‘O Allah, convey the reward of what I have recited to so-and-so (one or many)’” 234.
He (Hashiya 2:595-96), along with Kamal ibn al-Humam al-Hanafi in Sharh Fath al-qadir, also stated that every single act of worship, including Qur’an-recital, could be donated to the deceased.
The Hanafi faqih ‘Uthman al-Zayla’i said: “There is nothing rationally far-fetched in the reaching of someone else’s reward to the dead because it is nothing more than the placing of what he possesses of reward at someone else’s disposal, and it is Allah Who is the One Who conveys it, and He is able to do that.”
So we see the major scholars of all four madhahib agreeing 235 that it is recommended to recite the Qur’an at the graves and donate its reward to the deceased.
As for the hadith that states that “all of the actions of the son of Adam after he dies are cut off except for three...”, 236 then there is no proof in this against what we are saying, for this refers to his own actions being cut off, not the actions of the living, nor their rewards reaching him, as the rewards continue to reach the dead even though their own actions are finished. And as for the verse that states, “man can have nothing but what he strives for” (Q53:39), then this also does not constitute a proof against what we are saying here.
Firstly, Ibn ‘Abbas stated it is abrogated by Q52:21, and ‘Ikrima stated it only applies to the people (Qawm) of Ibrahim (AS) and Musa (AS).
---
Also, Ibn
Qayyim said (Kitab
ar-Ruh, Ch.
16),
“the
Qur’an did not deny the person’s benefiting from the striving of
someone else, but rather it denied his possession and ownership of
other than his own striving; and between the two the difference is
clear.”
He
also wrote in the same book,
“As
for one who says, ‘None of
the Salaf have done this,’
then these are the words of someone who has no knowledge.”
Consider these words of Ibn Qayyim, for we see today some people falsely thinking that if the Salaf did not do something, then that constitutes a proof of the prohibition of that thing.
---
To conclude, it is not only permissible but recommended to recite Qur’an at the graves of deceased Muslims, and donate the rewards of the recitation to the deceased, and also the rewards of other acts of worship, such as charity, fasting, pilgrimage, etc...
---
Ref:
221 Recorded by Abu Dawud (#2714), Ibn Majah (1:466 #1438), Hakim (1:565 Sahih), Ibn Hibban (7:269 #3002 Sahih), Imam Ahmad (5:26), Nasa’i (‘Amal Yowm… #1074-75, Sunan Kubra 6:265), Baghawi in Sharh as- Sunna (#1464), Bayhaqi in his Sunan al-Kubra (3:383) and Shu’ab (#2457-58), Ibn Abi Shayba (3:124), Tayalisi (#973), Tabarani (20:219-20, 231). Suyuti said it is Sahih (Jami’ Saghir, #8937), while Daraqutni and Nawawi (Adhkar, p. 198) said it is Da’if. Cf. ‘Ajluni’s Kashf al-Khafa’ (#709).
Also, Imam Ahmad in his Musnad (4:105 #16355) stated that, “The Shaykhs used to say that if Ya Siin is recited for the dead person, then the torment of the grave is lightened for him by it,” and Ibn Hajar ‘Asqalani declared this narration (also in Daylami’s Firdaws 4:108 #5834) Hasan in his Isaba (3:184). See also his Talkhis al-Habir (2:104) and Ibn Kathir’s Tafsir (3:563).
Imam Shawkani (Nayl al-Awtar, 3:25) and others stated that the primary and preferred meaning is the literal one, namely, the already deceased, and that taking it to mean those in the last moments of their life is a metaphorical extension that is unwarranted but acceptable.
222 Recorded by Ibn Sa’d (Tabaqat, 1:249), Ibn Majah (#3112), Darimi (#1864), Abu Ya’la (#1792, 2806, 3076, 3118, 3136, 3247-48 Sahih), Daraqutni (Sunan, 4:278, 284-85), ‘Abd ibn Humayd (#1144), Bazzar (Zawa’id, 2:62), Tabarani in Kabir (1:312, 5:111) and Awsat (2:250, 3:319, 6:300), and Ruyani (Musnad, #991).
223 Bukhari (#1299, 2554), Muslim (Kitab al-Wasiyya, chapter “on the rewards of charity reaching the dead” #3082-83), Nasa’i (#3589), Imam Malik (#1255), Imam Ahmad (6:51 #23117), and others.
224 Bukhari (#1817), Muslim (#1936-38), Imam Ahmad (1:216, 227, 2:181, 4:405, 5:359), and others.
225 Bukhari (#1816), Muslim (#1935), and many others.
226 See for example: Bukhari (#6204-05), Muslim (2:805 #1939), Nasa’i (#2585-87), Abu Dawud (2:162 #1545 46), Tirmidhi (Kitab al-Hajj, #852), Ahmad (5:359), Daraqutni (Sunan, 2:260), Bazzar (Zawa’id, 2:36), Tabarani (M. al-Kabir 1:258 #748, Hasan according to Haythami in Majma’ 3:282; M. Awsat 8:11), etc.
227 Bayhaqi in his Shu’ab al-Iman (7:16 #9294), Daylami (Firdaws, 1:350 #1124), and Tabarani in al-Mu`jam al-Kabir (12:444 #13613). Haythami said in Majma’ al-Zawa’id (3:44) that the latter’s chain contains Yahya ibn `Abd Allah al-Dahhak, who is weak. However, Ibn Hajar said it was Hasan in Fath al-Bari (1959 ed. 3:184).
228 Recorded by Bayhaqi in his Sunan (4:56, Hasan – Nawawi’s Adhkar p. 219), Tabarani (M. Kabir, 19:220 – Haythami said its narrators were declared trustworthy, in Majma’ 3:44 #4243), Ibn ‘Asakir (Tarikh, 47:230), Abu Bakr al-Khallal’s Amr bi’l Ma’ruf (#237) and his “Recitation at the graves”, and Dinawari’s Mujalasa (#757 Da’if). See also Ibn Hajar’s Talkhis al-Habir (2:129-130) and Shawkani’s Tuhfat al-Dhakirin (p. 229).
229 Recorded by Bayhaqi (Shu’ab al-Iman, 6:201 #7901), Tabarani (M Awsat 6:175, M Saghir 2:69 – Da’if: Haythami’s Majma’ 3:60), Daylami (Firdaws, 4:140 #5945), Hakim Tirmidhi (Asl #15), Ibn Abi Dunya in Makarim al-Akhlaq (#249), Ibn ‘Adiyy (Kamil, 5:1801), Ibn Najjar, and others. Hadith Da’if.
230 The Prophet (PBUH) said: “The deceased is bothered in his grave by that which botheres him in his house” (Daylami from A’isha), and “The deceased is bothered by the grieving and wailing of his relatives over him” (Bukhari #1208-10, Muslim #1539-40, Tabarani 25:10), and he (PBUH) saw someone sitting on a grave (to relieve himself) and told him, “Get off this grave, do not harm the inhabitant of this grave, so he will not harm you” (Ahmad 5:223, Tabarani – Majma’ 3:61, Hakim 3:590, Tahawi 1:515, Abu Nu’aym in Ma’rifat Sahaba #1981). For more, see Suyuti’s Sharh as-Sudur (Ch. 46-48) and ‘Ajluni’s Kashf (#789).
231 Suyuti (Sharh, Ch. 42) cited 8 narrations to the effect that the souls of the departed are trapped and prevented from reaching their ultimate stations of honor because of unpaid debts, and when payed they are freed; from Tirmidhi (#998-99), Ibn Majah (#2404), Ahmad (2:440, 475, 5:20), Bayhaqi (Sunan 4:61, 6:49, 76, Shu’ab 4:401), Tabarani (Kabir 7:178, Awsat 5:258), Ibn Hibban (7:331 #3061), Abu Ya’la (#6026), and others.
232 This was recorded by Abu Bakr al-Khallal al-Hanbali in his Amr bi’l Ma’ruf (p. 122 #240-41), who also recorded that Ishaq ibn Rahawayh saw no problem in reciting Qur’an at graves (p. 123 #245).
233 Recorded by Imam Bukhari (#209, 1273, 1289), Muslim (#439), Nasa’i (#31, 2041), and others.
234 Perhaps this is from the hadith which states, “Whoever passes by some graves and recites surat Ikhlas 11 (or 21) times then gifts the reward of that to the inhabitants of the graveyard, then he will receive a reward according to the number of the dead in the graves.” Recorded by Daylami (Firdaws, 4:38), Imam Rafi’i in his Tarikh Qazwin (2:297), Abu Bakr Najjar, and Abu Muhammad Samarqandi (Suyuti’s Sharh as-Sudur Ch. 51). And the hadith: “The dead in his grave is like the drowning man calling for help, waiting for a du’a from a father or mother or son or trustworthy friend…” (Bayhaqi’s Shu’ab 6:203, 7:16, Daylami’s Firdaws, 4:391).
235 For more, see: (Hanafi): Zayla’i in Tabyin al-Haqa’iq 2:83 (“Hajj on behalf of another person”), Tahtawi’s Hashiyat Maraqi al-Falah p. 413; (Maliki): Mawahib al-Jalil 2:237-38, Dusuqi’s Hashiya 1:423, Ibn Rushd’s Nawazil; (Shafi’i): Nawawi’s Majmu’ 5:294, Rawdat at-Talibin 5:191, and Sharh Muslim 1:89-90, Ibn Hajar’s Jawab al-Kafi, Ibn Daqiq al-‘Eid’s Ihkam al-Ahkam 1:106; (Hanbali): Ibn Muflih’s Mubdi’ 2:281, Mardawi’s Insaf 2:557, and Fatawa Ibn Taymiyya (24:306-15, 324, 366-67). Also: al-Jaziri’s Fiqh ‘ala al-Madhahib al-Arba’a (1:551-52).
236 Recorded by Muslim (#3084), Ibn Majah (#238), Ibn Khuzayma (#2490, 2494-95), and many others.
----------------------------------
Shaykh Sayyed Abu’l Hasan Ali an-Nadwi
(Ibn Taymiyyah’s Life and Achievements)
Published by UK Islamic Academy
Quote:
[...]
"At last the procession reached Suq al-Khalil where another funeral service was led by Ibn Taymiyyah’s younger brother Zain-ud-din Abdur-Rahman.
After the service, Ibn Taymiyyah was laid to rest in Maqbarat-us-Sufiyah (1) by the side of his brother, Sharaf-ud-din Abdullah.
"It is estimated that some 60,000 to 100,000 persons of which at least 15,000 were *women joined the funeral procession. (Ibn Katheer, vol. XIV pp 136-9)
In several Islamic countries lying to the south and east of Syria funeral services were held in absentia for Ibn Taymiyyah.
Ibn Rajab, a chronicler who write Tabalaqat-ul-Hanabilah, says that funeral services were also held in several nearer and far-off lands like Yemen and China.
* “The funeral service of an expositor of the Qur’aan will now be held,” was the announcement made after Friday Prayer's in a far-off city according to travellers returning from China."
---
The Lofty Virtues Of Ibn Taymiyyah ,
Page 33-34:
“He was buried that day (may Allāh be Pleased with him and allow us to be granted similar blessings once again). The people then began gathering from the various villages and towns riding and on foot to pray in turns over his grave, and whenever news of his death reached a certain land, they would offer the prayer in absentia for him in all of its mosques, especially in the towns and villages of Egypt, Shām, Iraq, Tabrīz, al-Basrah, etc.
*And the Qur’ān was completed for him more times than can be counted in many places during the days and nights following his death, especially in Damascus, Egypt, Iraq, Tabrīz, al-Basrah, etc. to the point that reciting the Qur’ān for him became a habit for the people, and copies of the mushaf would be passed around for them to read for him.”
[https://www.amazon.co.uk/Lofty-Virtues-Ibn-Taymiyyah-فضائل/dp/1643541110]
---
Ibn Abdul Hadi says about
Ibn Taymiyyah's Grave
(Al-Uqud Ad-Durriyyah, 1/434):
"The angels are around his grave are making tawaf"
(so according to the Wahhabiyyah these angels are Quburi Mushriks!)
A Man Reciting
Surat Al-Mulk in The Grave:
Mistranslation of
Hadith by Dar-us-Salam
Imam
At-Tirmidhi narrates
the following incident:
حَدَّثَنَا
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ
أَبِي الشَّوَارِبِ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى
بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكٍ النُّكْرِيُّ
عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ
عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ ضَرَبَ بَعْضُ
أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خِبَاءَهُ عَلَى
قَبْرٍ وَهُوَ لَا يَحْسِبُ أَنَّهُ
قَبْرٌ فَإِذَا فِيهِ إِنْسَانٌ يَقْرَأُ
سُورَةَ تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ
الْمُلْكُ حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا فَأَتَى
النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ
وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
إِنِّي ضَرَبْتُ خِبَائِي عَلَى قَبْرٍ
وَأَنَا لَا أَحْسِبُ أَنَّهُ قَبْرٌ
فَإِذَا فِيهِ إِنْسَانٌ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ
تَبَارَكَ الْمُلْكِ حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هِيَ الْمَانِعَةُ
هِيَ الْمُنْجِيَةُ تُنْجِيهِ مِنْ
عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى
هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا
الْوَجْهِ
Muhammad
ibn Abdul Malik ibn Abish-Shawarib
Yahya ibn ‘Amru ibn Malik
An-Nukri
from his father from Abil Jawzaa’
Ibn ‘Abbas
(radiya Allahu anhu) who said,
“One of the companions of
the Prophet [Muhammad] set up a tent on a grave while not aware that
it was a grave. The man heard the person within the grave reciting
Surat Al-Mulk until it was completed. So the man came to the Nabi
(صلى
الله عليه وسلم)
and informed him of what occurred. The Nabi (صلى
الله عليه وسلم)
said, “It is a prevention! It is a salvation saving one from the
punishment of the grave!”
The following is the scan of
how it was translated by the Wahhabi
publisher Dar-Us-Salam:
Their
translation claims that the
man who placed his “tent” over
the grave was the one who recited it, not the
person that was in the grave!
It
does seem that this hadith is weak, as claimed in the takhrij,
though Imam
At-Tirmidhi does declare the hadith Hasan.
[Source: seekingilm, where
it was also mentioned that the translation of
فَإِذَا
فِيهِ إِنْسَانٌ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ
تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ الْمُلْكُ
حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا
should
have been: In it [the grave] was a person who recited Surat al Mulk
until its end.]
Posted
on September 2, 2008
by Abu Layth (seekingIlm.com)
---
Abu
Nuaym narrates
from Yasar ibn Hubaish , he narrates from his father that: I swear by
Allah, Me, Hubaid and another man land in the grave of Thabit al
Bunani for his funeral.
We put brick on the grave after putting
him in the grave. Suddenly one piece of brick moved .
We were
surprised and saw he is praying in the grave.
I asked another
brother did you see this?
He said stay silent. WE returned to
his home and asked his daughter what was deed of Thabit ?
We
told her what we saw. She said “he used stay awake at night and
pray. At fajr time he used to do dua and say:
“ Ya Allah if
you give anyone chance to pray in grave then please give me the
chance." Allah accepted his prayer.” [Ahwaul Qubur,
Sharhus Sudur, Imam Suyuti, Mukhtasar Saftasis Safwa. ]
Ibn
taymiyah said: Through
Such kind of prayers or ibadahs they enjoy taste of it. Like people
will taste tasbeehat in Jannah. People will recite tasbih like they
breath and this is not bound by shariah and they will not get any
reward for it. In such case it’s also similar and it’s for
enjoying the taste of ibadah. (Majmua
fatwa, 4th volume.)
--
حَدَّثَنَا
أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، قَالَ:
ثنا
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، قَالَ:
ثنا
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ،
قَالَ:
حَدَّثَنِي
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْغَبْرِيُّ،
قَالَ:
ثنا
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ،
قَالَ:
حَدَّثَنِي
إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ
الْمُهَلَّبِيُّ، قَالَ:
حَدَّثَنِي
الَّذِينَ، كَانُوا يَمُرُّونَ بِالْحُفَرِ
بِالْأَسْحَارِ قَالُوا:
«كُنَّا
إِذَا مَرَرْنَا بِجَنَبَاتِ قَبْرِ
ثَابِتٍ سَمِعْنَا قِرَاءَةَ
الْقُرْآنِ»
Ibrāhīm
ibn al-Ṣimmah al-Muḥallabī relates:
“The people who used to dig graves in early morning informed me,
‘Whenever we went past the grave of Thābit [al-Bunānī]*, we
would [always] hear the recitation of the Qur’an."
[Ḥilyat
al-Awliyā’ wa Ṭabaqāt al-Aṣfyā’– al-Ṭabaqāt al-Ūlā
min al-Tābiʿīn– Imām Abū Nuʿaym al-Aṣfahānī (d.430H), Vol
2, Pg 322, Dar Al Kutub Al Arabiya Publications, Beirut.]
Abu
Mohammed Ibn Al-Hussein said,
" we said, " Bilateral Ahmed Ibn Al-Hussein he said: "
extent ibn Al-owner, he said: Bilateral Mohammed Bin Abdullah
Al-Ansari, he said, " talk to Ibrahim bin emboli He said, "tell
me who, they were going through the pits they said," if we went
through a steady grave, we heard the Qur an ””
Mubarak
ibn `Aqil Abu Sakhr said:
I heard Thabit al-Bunani (* the Tabi`i) say:
Whenever I visited
Anas ibn Malik I would take his hand and kiss it and say: "My
father for these two hands which touched Allah's Messenger!"
Then I would kiss his eyes and say: "My father for these two
eyes which saw Allah's Messenger!" [al-Haythami in Majma`
al-zawa'id (9:325) said: "Its narrators are those of the sahih
narrations [i.e. retained by Bukhari and Muslim], except Abu Bakr
al-Muqaddami, and he is trustworthy (thiqa)." That is: the chain
is sound. Ibn al-Muqri' narrates it partially in al-Rukhsa fi taqbil
al-yad (p. 78 #18).]
---
Hafidh
Ibn Katheer [Tafsir
al Quran 30:52]
من
أشهر ذلك ما رواه ابن عبد البر مصححاً له
عن ابن عباس مرفوعاً:
" ما
من أحد يمر بقبر أخيه المسلم كان يعرفه
في الدنيا، فيسلم عليه، إلا رد الله عليه
روحه حتى يرد عليه السلام ".
وثبت
عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم لأمته إذا سلموا
على أهل القبور أن يسلموا عليهم سلام من
يخاطبونه، فيقول المسلم:
السلام
عليكم دار قوم مؤمنين، وهذا خطاب لمن يسمع
ويعقل، ولولا هذا الخطاب، لكانوا بمنزلة
خطاب المعدوم والجماد، والسلف مجمعون
على هذا، وقد تواترت الآثار عنهم بأن
الميت يعرف بزيارة الحي له
Translation:
From the most well-known of these is what Ibn Abdul Barr (rah)
narrated, authenticating it, from ibn ‘Abbas in marfu’ form
proven from Prophet (Peace be upon him) who said: ‘None passes by
the grave of his Muslim brother that he knew in the world and greets
him except Allah restores his soul to him and he returns the greeting
to him.’
It is established from him that he instructed his
ummah, when they greet the inhabitants of the graves to greet them
with the greeting of one addressed [directly], thus the one greeting
says ‘peace be on to you, abode of the group of believers’ “AND
SUCH AN ADDRESS IS [ONLY] FOR ONE WHO HEARS AND THINKS (،
وهذا خطاب لمن يسمع ويعقل).
Were
it not so, this address would be akin to addressing an absent person
or an inanimate object “THE SALAF (PREDECESSORS) HAVE CONSENSUS ON
THIS AS THE NARRATIONS FROM THEM THAT THE DEAD PERSON KNOWS OF THE
VISIT OF THE LIVING TO HIM AND REJOICES.
THESE ARE MASS
TRANSMITTED (TAWATUR)
[Tafsir al Qur’an al Azeem by
Hafidh Ibn Katheer under 30:52]
---
The Baghdadi Hanbali scholar Abu al Khattab al-Kalwadhani (b.432-d.510AH) in his book: الهداية على مذهب الإمام أحمد states:
ويُسَنُّ
تَلْقِيْنُهُ بَعْدَ فَرَاغِهِ مِنْ
دَفْنِهِ كَمَا رَوَى أبو أُمَامَةَ؛
أنَّ النَّبيَّ – صلى الله عليه وسلم –
قَالَ:
((إذَا
مَاتَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَسَوَّيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ
التُّرِابَ فَلْيَقُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى
رَأْسِ قَبْرِهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ يَا
فُلاَنَ بنَ فُلاَنَةَ فإنهُ يسمع وَلاَ
يجيب ثُمَّ ليقل يَا فُلاَن بن فلانة
ثانية فيستوي قاعداً ثُمَّ ليقل يَا
فُلاَن بن فلانة فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ:
أَرْشِدْنَا
يَرْحَمُكَ اللهُ، ولَكِنْ لاَ تَسْمَعُوْنَ
فَيَقُوْلُ:
اذْكُرْ
مَا خَرَجْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا
شَهَادَةُ أنْ لاَ إلَهَ إلاَّ اللهُ
وأنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُوْلُهُ
وإنَّكَ رَضِيْتَ باللهِ رَبّاً
وبِالإسْلاَمِ دِيْناً وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ
نَبِيّاً وبالقُرانِ إِمَاماً، فَإِنَّ
مُنْكَراً وَنَكِيْراً يَقُولانِ:
مَا
يُقْعِدَنا عِنْدَ هَذَا وَقَدْ لُقِّنَ
حُجَّتَهُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُوْلَ
اللهِ فإنْ لَمْ يَعْرِف اسْمَ أُمِّهِ
قَالَ:
فَلْيَنْسِبْهُ
إِلَى حَوَّاءَ))
Abu
al Khattab al-Kalwadhani says it is a sunnah to prompt the dead
(talqeen) after burial and quotes the narration of Abu Umamah that
the Prophet صلى
الله عليه وسلم said:
“When one of you dies and you have put the dust upon (the grave),
let one of you stand at the head of the grave and say,
“O So
and so Son of So and so” for he will hear, though he cannot reply –
then let him say,
“O So and so Son of So and so” a second
time and he will sit down, then let him say,
“O So and so Son
of So and so” and then he will say, “Direct me, Allah have mercy
upon you mercy on you,” though you will not hear it, and you should
say, “Remember the creed upon which you departed from this world,
the testification that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His
slave and messenger, and that you accepted Allah as your Lord, Islam
as your religion, Muhammad peace be upon him as your prophet, and the
Quran as your exemplar.”
For then the two angels Munkar and
Nakir will say, “what is there to keep us here beside someone who
has been instructed how to make his plea?”
A Man said, “O
Messenger of Alllah, what if one does not know the name of his
mother?” and he answered, ‘Then one should mention his descent
from his mother Eve”.
--
Abu
al Khattab al-Kalwadhani later
says
ولا
تُكْرَهُ القِراءةُ عَلَى القَبْرِ في
أَصَحِّ الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ وأي قُرْبَةٍ
فَعَلَهَا وجَعَلَ ثَوَابَهَا لِلْمَيِّتِ
المُسْلِمِ نَفَعَهُ ذَلِكَ.
“It
is not forbidden to read the Quran over the grave as per the correct
of two narratives, and any pious deed which is done and rewarded to
the deceased Muslim, it will be beneficial to him.”
-------------------------------------------------------------
(Edited by ADHM)
