(lautan manusia)
Imam Ibn Ishaaq
Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar al-Muttalibi
(d.150/152AH)
Imam Ibn Hishaam
Abu Muhammad 'Abd al-Malik bin Hisham
(d.213 AH)
---
The earliest Siras or Prophetic biographies are the lost folios of Aban (d. 105), the son of `Uthman ibn `Affan (d. 35), from whom Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar al-Muttalibi (80-150/152) narrated; the accomplished works of `Urwa (d. c.92-95) (ra) the son of al-Zubayr ibn al-`Awwam and grandson of Asma' and `A'isha the learned daughters of Abu Bakr the Truthful (radi-Allahu `anhu) which he ordered burnt, after a lifetime of teaching from them, during the sack of Madina by the armies of Syro-Palestine under Yazid ibn Mu`awiya in 63; the most reliable Muhammad ibn Shihab al-Zuhri's (d. 120) Sira, from which Ibn Ishaq borrowed much;`Asim ibn `Umar ibn Qatada ibn al-Nu`man al-Ansari's (d. 120 or 129) Maghazi and Manaqib al-Sahaba, another principal thiqa source for Ibn Ishaq and al-Waqidi; Abd Allah ibn Abi Bakribn Muhammad ibn `Amr ibn Hazm al-Ansari's (d. 135) tome, another main source for Ibn Ishaq, al-Waqidi, Ibn Sa`d, and al-Tabari; the most reliable, partly preserved Sira of the Madinan Musa ibn `Uqba al-Asadi (d. 141), praised by Imam Malik and used by Ibn Sa`d and al-Tabari; Muhammad ibn Ishaq's Sira, praised by Imam al-Shafi`i, the oldest extant; Ibn `A'idh al-Azdi's (d. 191) Maghazi; and Sayf ibn `Umar al-Tamimi's (d. 200) al-Ridda wal-Futuh and al-Jamal as per Ibn Hajar in Tahdhib al-Tahdhib.
A junior contemporary of Ibn Ishaq, the erudite Muhammad ibn `Umar ibnWaqid al-Aslami al-Waqidi (d. 207) compiled the Maghazi and Futuh al-Sham among others. He is the principal source of Imam al-Tabari (d. 310) in the latter's Tarikh and his student and scribe Muhammad ibn Sa`d (d. 230) relied heavily on him in his Tabaqat. (Taken from: The Story of Hadith)
Ibn Abbas and Jabir (RA) with authentic chain,also from early most Seerah books that Prophet (Peace be upon him) was born on 12th Rabi ul Awwal.
یاد رکھیے کے جید صحابہ جیسے سیدنا ابن عباس رضی اللہ اور سیدنا جابر رضی اللہ سے یومِ میلاد صحیح سند سے 12 ربیع الاول ثابت ہے۔ ابن اسحاق اور ابن ہشام جیسے پرانے سیرت نگاروں سے بھی 12 ہی یومِ ولادت ثابت ہے
--
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ طَاهِرِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عِيسَى، إِمْلَاءً، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، عَنْ سَلِيمِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مِينَا، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَا: «وُلِدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الْفِيلِ، يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، الثَّانِي عَشَرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَفِيهِ بُعِثَ، وَفِيهِ عَرَجَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، وَفِيهِ هَاجَرَ، وَفِيهِ مَاتَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ» [الأباطيل والمناكير والصحاح والمشاهير للجورقاني: 1/83 دار الکتب العلمیہ]
--------
Ibn Kathir
ورواه
ابن أبى شيبة في مصنفه عن عفان ، عن سعيد
بن ميناء ، عن جابر وابن عباس أنهما
قالا :
ولد
رسول الله
صلى
الله عليه وسلم عام الفيل يوم الاثنين الثانى
عشر من شهر ربيع الاول
Translation: Ibn
Abi Shaybah (RA)
in his Musannaf narrates from Affan>>Sa’id>>Jabir
and Ibn
Abbas (RA)
who said: Rasul Ullah (salallaho alaihi wasalam) was "born
in the year of elephant on Monday, the 12th Rabi Ul Awwal" [Ibn
Kathir in Seerat un Nabi, وهذا
هو المشهور عند الجمهور Volume
1, Page No. 199]
This is what is famous amongst Majority and Allah knows the best [ibid]
Ibn Kathir – who was exemplary in the sciences of tafsir, hadith and history – in his al-Sira al-Nabawiyya redresses research on this topic when he states;
“The noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was born on the day of Monday. Imam Muslim in his Sahih relates the hadith of Ghaylan ibn Jarir from Abu Qatada that a Companion asked, “O Messenger of Allah! What do you say concerning fasting on the day of Monday?” The noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) replied, “That is the day when I was born and that is the day on which revelation was revealed upon me.””
Following this, ‘Allama Ibn Kathir writes that it has been narrated from Ibn Abbas that he used to say,
“Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was born on a Monday, annunciation of prophethood was on a Monday, migration from Makka was on a Monday, arrival at Madina was on a Monday, the day he left this temporary world was a Monday and the day he lifted the black stone and placed it in the wall of the ka‘ba was also a Monday.”
Then he continued that whomsoever have said that the date of birth was Friday, the seventeenth of Rabi‘al-Awwal, are completely incorrect and far from the truth.[al-Sira al-Nabawiyya]
Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Abi Shayba in his Musannaf, have both narrated this date;“Ibn Abi Shayba in his Musannaf relates from ‘Affan, who relates from Sa‘id ibn Mina’, who relates from Jabir and Ibn Abbas that they said, “Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was born during the year of the elephant, Monday, the twelfth of Rabi‘ al-Awwal. On this day, he announced prophethood, and on this day he ascended to the heavens, and on this day he migrated, and on this day he passed away.” And this is the view of the vast majority.” [Allama Ibn Kathir, Sirat Ibn Kathir, volume 1, page 199.]
Imam Ibn Jarir Tabari
who was a matchless commentator of the Qur’an and a mature and careful historian – concerning this topic writes;
“The noble Messenger (peace andblessings of Allah be upon him) was born on Monday, the twelfth of Rabi‘ al- Awwal during the year of the elephant.” [Imam Ibn Jarir Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, volume 2, page 125.]
Imâm
Ibn Jarîr Tabarî, who was an
unparalleled mufassir (exegesis) of the Qur'an, a
grammarian and a prolific writer, wrote in relation to this:
"The
birth of the Holy Messenger of Allah (sallallâhu ta`âlâ
`alayhi wa âlihî wa sallam) occurred on Monday
(Yawmul-Ithnayn), the twelfth night of the
month of Rabî`ul-Awwal, in the 'Year of the Elephant'
(`Âmul-Fîl)." [See See Sûrah Fîl (105) for the
details on this event] (Târîkh Tabarî, 2:120)
‘Allama
Abu’l-Hasan ‘Ali ibn Muhammad al- Mawardi –
who is from amongst the experts in the science of politics and
whose book, al-Ahkam
al- Sultaniyya,
is even today a great reference for students of politics –
writes in his book A‘lam
al-Nubuwwa;
“After
fifty days of the elephant incident and after the passing away
of his father, the noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him) was born on Monday, the twelfth of Rabi‘ al-
Awwal.” [‘Allama
Abu’l-Hasan ‘Ali ibn Muhammad al-Mawardi, A‘lam
al-Nubuwwa, page
192.]
Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali said: "The vast majority hold that he [the Prophet (s) ] was born on the Second Day of the Week (al-Ithnayn = "Monday") 12 Rabi` al-Awwal... in the Year of the Elephant." [Lata'if al-Ma`arif ,page 185]
‘Allama Ibn Khaldun – who is acknowledged as Imam in the science and philosophy of history and historicity and, moreover, is considered the initiator of the philosophy of history – writes;
“The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was born, during the year of the elephant, on the twelfth of Rabi‘ al-Awwal. It was the fortieth year of Anushirvan’s rule.” [Allama Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, volume 2, page 710.]
Imam al-Bayhaqi (rah)
who in his book Dalail al-Nabuwah also mentioned 12th Rabi ul Awwal to be the only birth date of Prophet(S) too and he relied on same Ibn Ishaaq [Dalail (1/156)]
سألتُ
يحيـى بن مَعِين عن مـحمد بن إسحاق، فقال:
كان
ثقة، وكانَ حسَن الـحدِيث
Translation: Yahya
bin Ma'een (rah)
was asked about Muhammad
bin Ishaaq (rah),
he replied: He
is "THIQA AND FAIR IN HADITH" [Tahdhib ut Tahdhib
of Hafidh al-Mizzi]
These are the illustrious scholars, of the disciplines of the Qur’an and Sunna and the science of history,
who have written Monday the twelfth of Rabi‘ al- Awwal to be the day of the mawlid of the Chosen One (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and they have not at all mentioned any other opinion or view. This is an indication that according to these scholars this particular opinion is correct and most authentic.
The prophetic biographer of the present era, Muhammad al-Sadiq ‘Arjun – who has been the dean of the faculty of theology at Al-Azhar University, Egypt – writes in his book Muhammad Rasulullah;
“From numerous sources it has been established that the noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was born on Monday, the twelfth Rabi‘ al-Awwal, in the year of the elephant and during the rule of Chosroes Anushirvan. And those scholars who compare historical calendars, they have stated that this is equivalent to the twentieth of August, 570 CE.” [Muhammad al-Sadiq ‘Arjun, Muhammad Rasulullah, volume 1,page 102.]
The following is a part of a long article by Justice Muhammad Karam Shâh al-Azharî [d. April 1998] translated from:
al-`Ulamâ' Magazine (Minhaj-ul-Qur'an Publishers, July, 1998), pp. 27-30:
There is no difference of opinion about the day of the Holy Prophet's (sallallâhu `alayhi wa sallam) birth (yawmul-mîlâd) being Monday.
There also seems to be an agreement among the traditional scholars of this Ummah that the month of this blessed occasion was Rabî`ul-Awwal.
The researchers have not given any
consideration to the reports about it occurring in the months of
Muharram and Ramadân.
The question which remains
is, what date of Rabî`ul-Awwal did the conveyer of truth and
guidance appear on the earth? There are various sayings of
the scholars on this but with the help of the writings of
the Muhaqqiqîn (researcher scholars) it is easy to
give the correct position.
‘Allama Ibn Jawzi summarises his research in the following manner; “The birth of the noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) occurred on Monday, the tenth of Rabi‘ al-Awwal, during the year of the elephant. It has also been said that it was the second of Rabi‘ al-Awwal and Imam Ibn Ishaq states that the birth of Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) took place on the day of Monday, the twelfth of Rabi‘ al- Awwal, during the year of the elephant.” [‘Allama Ibn Jawzi, al-Wafa, page 90.]
Imam al-Hafiz Abu’l-Fath Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Sayyid al-Nas al-Shafi‘i al-Andalusi in his prophetic biography ‘Uyun al-Athar writes;
“Our leader and our Prophet, Muhammad, Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), was born on Monday, the twelfth of Rabi‘ al-Awwal, during the year of the elephant. Some have also said that his birth occurred fifty days after the incident of the elephant.” [Imam Abu’l-Fath Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Sayyid al-Nas al-Shafi‘i al-Andalusi, ‘Uyun al-Athar, volume 1, page 26.]
Following this passage, he continues and relates the opinions which state the second and eighth of Rabi‘ al-Awwal.
‘Allama Ibn Kathir – who was exemplary in the sciences of tafsir, hadith and history – in his al-Sira al-Nabawiyya redresses research on this topic when he states; “The noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was born on the day of Monday. Imam Muslim in his Sahih relates the hadith of Ghaylan ibn Jarir from Abu Qatada that a Companion asked, “O Messenger of Allah! What do you say concerning fasting on the day of Monday?” The noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) replied, “That is the day when I was born and that is the day on which revelation was revealed upon me.””
Following this, ‘Allama Ibn Kathir writes that it has been narrated from Ibn Abbas that he used to say, “Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was born on a Monday, annunciation of prophethood was on a Monday, migration from Makka was on a Monday, arrival at Madina was on a Monday, the day he left this temporary world was a Monday and the day he lifted the black stone and placed it in the wall of the ka‘ba was also a Monday.”
Then he continued that whomsoever have said that the date of birth was Friday, the seventeenth of Rabi‘ al-Awwal, are completely incorrect and far from the truth.
The opinion of the majority is that it was the month of Rabi‘ al-Awwal.
Some have said that it was the second of this month; some have said it was the eighth and some have said it was the tenth.
The opinion of the eighth has been related from Ibn Hazm and al-Hafiz al-Kabir Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khawarizmi has corrected this. Some have determined it to be the twelfth of this month. Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Abi Shayba in his Musannaf have both narrated this date;
“Ibn Abi Shayba in his Musannaf relates from ‘Affan, who relates from Sa‘id ibn Mina’, who relates from Jabir and Ibn Abbas that they said,
“Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was born during the year of the elephant, Monday, the twelfth of Rabi‘ al Awwal. On this day, he announced prophethood, and on this day he ascended to the heavens, and on this day he migrated, and on this day he passed away.” And this is the view of the vast majority.” [Allama Ibn Kathir, Sirat Ibn Kathir, volume 1, page 199.]
The first narrator of this tradition is Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shayba.
Concerning him, Abu Zar‘a Razi (d. 264 AH) has stated that he has not seen any greater hafiz of hadith than Abu Bakr ibn Shayba. The muhaddith Ibn Habban states that Abu Bakr was a great hafiz of hadith.
The second narrator is ‘Affan about whom the opinion of the muhaddithun is that he was an esteemed and reliable (thiqa) Imam and enjoyed the qualities of retentiveness (dabt) and firmness (itqan).
The third narrator is Sa‘id ibn Mina’ who is also counted amongst the reliable narrators (thiqa). This narration, with a sound chain of transmission (sahih al-isnad), has been narrated by two distinguished Companions; Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah and ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas (Allah be pleased with them both).
In the presence of this elevated narration (marfu’riwaya), for an historian or an expert of astronomy to reject the date of birth as being the twelfth of Rabi‘ al-Awwal is not at all worthy of acceptance.
Mawlana Sayyid ‘Abd al-Quddus Hashimi, alongside being a religious scholar, is also greatly skilled in the science of almanac and calendar. He has written a book on this discipline titled Taqwim Tarikhi. According to him also, the correct date of birth is the twelfth of Rabi‘ al-Awwal.
These prolific scholars of the Qur'ân and Sunnah who specialised in history, mentioned the date of his (sallallâhu `alayhi wa sallam) birth being the twelfth of Rabî`ul-Awwal but made no mention of any other date.
This shows that they considered this date to be correct and reliable.
These 2 are the oldest Seerah/Tarikh specialists and the opinion held by Salaf will supersede the opinions held by latter people.
3. Imam Ibn Jareer at-Tabari (224-310 H): Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) was born on Monday 12th Rabi-ul-Awal in Aam-ul-Feel. (Tarikh-ul-Umam-wal-Muluk, Vol. 2, Page 125)
4. Allama Abu-ul-Hasan Ali Bin Muhammad Al-Mawardi (370-480 H): Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) was born 50 days after the event of Ashab-ul-Feel and after the death of His father on Monday 12th Rabi-ul-Awal. (Ailam-un-Nabuwa, Page 192)
5. Imam Al-Hafiz Abu-ul-Fatah Al-Undalasi (671-734 H): Our leader and our Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم), the Messenger of Allah, was born on Monday 12th Rabi-ul-Awal in Aam-ul-Feel. (Aayun-al-Asr, Vol.1, Page 33)
6. Allama Ibn Khaldun (732-808 H): Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) was born on 12th Rabi-ul-Awal in Aam-ul-Feel. It was the 40th year of Emperor Kasra Noshairwan. (Ibn Khaldun in At-Tarikh Vol. 2, Page 394)
7. Muhammad As-Sadiq Ibrahim Arjoon: From various turaq (chains) it has been established as true that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) was born on Monday 12th Rabi-ul-Awal in Aam-ul-Feel in the reign of Kasara Noshairwan. (Muhammad Rasool Ullah, Vol. 1, Page 102)
8. Sheikh Abdul-Haq Muhadath Dehlvi (950-1052 H):Know it well, that over-whelming majority of the experts of sayar and tarikh (i.e. biographers and historians) hold the opinion that An-Hazrat (i.e. the prophet صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) was born in Aam-ul-Feel … It is well known that the month was of Rabi-ul-Awal and its date was 12. Various scholars have shown their agreement with this (date). (Madarij-un-Nabuwa, Vol. 2, Page 14)
9. Even Wahhabi authority bigger than Mubarakpuri sahab i.e. Nawab Muhammad Sadiq Hasan Khan Bohapalvi said:
The birth (of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) happened in Mecca at the time of Fajr on Monday 12 Rabi-ul-Awal in Aam-ul-Feel. Majority of scholars holds this opinion. Ibn-e-Jozi has narrated a consensus (of scholars) on it. (Ash-Shumama-tul-Anbariya Fi Mowlid Khair-al-Bariya, Page 7)
------------------------------
Translation by Deobandis:
Tarikh at-Tabri :“ Imam Ibn Jarir (Rahimuhullah) also mentioned:
"ONLY 12th RABI UL AWWAL"
[Volume No. 1, Page No. 606, Published by Dar ul Ishaat, Karachi, Pakistan]
Wahhabi/Ahlehadis
Famous scholar of the Ahl al-Hadith, Nawab Sayyid Muhammad Siddiq Hasan Khan, writes that the birth occurred in Makka at the time of dawn on the day of Monday and the twelfth of Rabi‘ al- Awwal during the year of the elephant. The majority of the scholars are also of this opinion and Ibn Jawzi is in agreement with this too. [Nawab Sayyid Muhammad Siddiq Hasan Khan, al-Shamama al- ‘Anbariyya Mawlid Khayr al-Bariyya, page 7.]
The grand mufti of the scholars of Deoband,
Mawlana Mufti Muhammad Shafi‘ in Sirat Khatam al- Anbiya’ writes; “In short, the year in which the attack of the people of the elephant took place, in its month of Rabi‘ al-Awwal and on its twelfth day; the real source of revolution, the pride of the children of Adam, the secret behind the protection of the arc of Nuh (Noah), the prayer of Ibrahim (Abraham), the manifestation of the prophecies of Musa (Moses) and Isa (Jesus), i.e. our renowned leader, Muhammad, Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), was born and increasingly graced the world.” [ Mawlana Mufti Muhammad Shafi‘, Sirat Khatam al-Anbiya’, page18.]
Translation: The birth of Prophet (salallaho alaihi wasalam) is a great blessing for us and his death is very saddening for us too, however Shariah has ordered us to rejoice and thank Allah on blessings, whereas on calamity it has taught us to have patience while hiding it, this is why Shariah has told us to do Aqiqa on birth which is a form of being happy and thankful to Allah for giving us birth, but on death there is no concept of sacrificing an animal and even lamenting is forbidden. Hence in light of rulings prescribed by shariah one should rejoice on Rabi ul Awwal on birth of our beloved Prophet (salallaho alaihi wasalam) [As-Suyuti – Rahimuhullah in Al Hawi lil Fatawi, Volume 1, Page No. 298, Published by Maktaba al Asriya, Beirut, Lebanon]
*This is the name of original Risalah which Imam Ahmed Ridha (rah) wrote and It is mentioned in 26th volume of Fatawa Ridhwiyyah, Mas'ala # 217
------------------------------------------
Now either Deobandi (wahhabi) follow your legendary Thanvi sahab the so called Ashiq e Rasool in deobandi sect or follow Mubarakpuri's pseudo analysis.
1. It is proven and certain that the Prophet died on Monday
2. The day Prophet delivered his last sermon on 9th Dhil Hajjah .
But I don't think you need rocket science to figure out the "Acted upon" opinion. It has been acted upon in the Muslim world, whether you are in Misr, Bahrain, UAE, Jordan etc... even Pakistan you will see public holiday on 12th Rabi ul Awwal, none of the Arab countries hold a public holiday on 9th.
Now when this is established then I want you to see this hadith:
- Islamic Republic of Pakistan
- Afghanistan
- Uzbekistan
- Jordan
- United Arab Emirates (UAE)
- Behrain
- Bangladesh
- Algeria
- Al-Jazair
- Sudan
- Iraq
- Kuwait
- Morrocco
- Yamen
- Tunis
- Syria
- Oman
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Egypt
- Moritaniya
- Palestine
- Brunie
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Nigeria
- Somalia
- Turkey (not a public holiday, but mosques are illuminated, special foods and treats are prepared, and you can participate, actively or passively, in the celebrations)
- India
- SriLanka
- Tanzania
